The carbon equivalent (CE) is an important statistic used to determine the weldability of steel. It provides a simpler assessment of how alloying components, specifically carbon and other hardening elements, influence the steel’s ability to harden during welding. Higher CE values imply a stronger proclivity for hardening, which can lead to problems such as cracking and deformation.
Common CE Formulas
Two primary CE formulas are widely recognised:
The American Welding Society (AWS) Formula includes silicon as a hardener.
The International Institute of Welding (IIW) formula excludes silicon.
What is weldability?
Weldability is a broad concept that includes more than just the ability to unite metals by welding. It also refers to the material’s appropriateness for a certain application and its performance under the specified service conditions. Weldable materials can be successfully manufactured using welding techniques and will perform well in their intended environment.
CE and Preheat
CE and Weldability: Lower CE values are often associated with improved weldability because to less hardening tendencies.
Preheat and High CE: Preheating is frequently required for high CE steels to prevent excessive hardening and cracking. Preheating helps to manage the cooling rate and reduces the possibility of rapid cooling-induced hardness.
